Apprenticeship - The UncommonWealth

The Farmer’s Apprentice: African American Indentures of Apprenticeship in Virginia

Three years old. This was the age of Charles Bell, a free African American boy living in Frederick County, on 31 July 1857, when James…

Mary Ann Mason, They/ThemMay 27, 2020

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Remaking Virginia: A New Labor System

This is the third in a series of four blog posts concerning post-Civil War Virginia and the lives of freedpeople after Emancipation. The posts precede…

Greg CrawfordJune 24, 2015